翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Declaration of Arbroath ・ Declaration of Avellaneda ・ Declaration of Boulogne ・ Declaration of Breda ・ Declaration of Calton Hill ・ Declaration of Conformity ・ Declaration of Conscience ・ Declaration of Delhi ・ Declaration of Dependence ・ Declaration of Facts ・ Declaration of faith ・ Declaration of financial interests ・ Declaration of Finglas ・ Declaration of Geneva ・ Declaration of Grace ・ Declaration of Helsinki ・ Declaration of Helsinki (disambiguation) ・ Declaration of Helsinki (Information Technology) ・ Declaration of Human Duties and Responsibilities ・ Declaration of incompatibility ・ Declaration of independence ・ Declaration of Independence (album) ・ Declaration of Independence (Azerbaijan) ・ Declaration of Independence (disambiguation) ・ Declaration of Independence (EP) ・ Declaration of Independence (film) ・ Declaration of Independence (Trumbull) ・ Declaration of Independence of Armenia ・ Declaration of Independence of Armenia (1918) ・ Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Declaration of Helsinki ： ウィキペディア英語版 Declaration of Helsinki The Declaration of Helsinki is a set of ethical principles regarding human experimentation developed for the medical community by the World Medical Association (WMA). It is widely regarded as the cornerstone document on human research ethics.〔〔(WMA Press Release: WMA revises the Declaration of Helsinki. 9 October 2000 )〕 It is not a legally binding instrument under the international law, but instead draws its authority from the degree to which it has been codified in, or influenced, national or regional legislation and regulations.〔(Human D, Fluss S. The World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki: Historical and contemporary perspectives. 5th draft. WMA 2001 )〕 Its role was described by a Brazilian forum in 2000 in these words "''Even though the Declaration of Helsinki is the responsibility of the World Medical Association, the document should be considered the property of all humanity''".〔 ==History== The Declaration was originally adopted on June 1964 in Helsinki, Finland, and has since undergone seven revisions (the most recent at the General Assembly in October 2013) and two clarifications, growing considerably in length from 11 paragraphs in 1964 to 37 in the 2013 version. The Declaration is an important document in the history of research ethics as it is the first significant effort of the medical community to regulate research itself, and forms the basis of most subsequent documents. Prior to the 1947 Nuremberg Code there was no generally accepted code of conduct governing the ethical aspects of human research, although some countries, notably Germany and Russia, had national policies (). The Declaration developed the ten principles first stated in the Nuremberg Code, and tied them to the Declaration of Geneva (1948), a statement of physicians' ethical duties. The Declaration more specifically addressed clinical research, reflecting changes in medical practice from the term 'Human Experimentation' used in the Nuremberg Code. A notable change from the Nuremberg Code was a relaxation of the conditions of consent, which was 'absolutely essential' under Nuremberg. Now doctors were asked to obtain consent 'if at all possible' and research was allowed without consent where a proxy consent, such as a legal guardian, was available (Article II.1). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Declaration of Helsinki」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.